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One has a shotgun, the other a pistol. For another, the racial revenge motive linking Carter to the shooting was a tenuous connection. But Bello wasn't talking anymore. Eventually, both Bello and Bradley agreed to file affidavits recanting their story. His tendency to invent grandiose claims for himself -- "I made the Olympics in 1956!" Carter wrote, describing his travels as a young Army recruit through the Deep South: I looked out of the window at a bunch of drunken farmers who were crowding around a radio and disharmoniously yelling their fool-ass heads off to a hillbilly song. In October 1975, Ali beat Joe Frazier in the Thrilla in Manila, the final fight of their iconic trilogy. That includes his descriptions of Bradley's actions. Bello was led carefully through his testimony, and he had to explain to the court how often he'd lied and why. When Sgt. However, Bello identified Carter and Artis many months before the trial "and at a time before there could have been pressures from Lt. DeSimone," Larner said. Carter sometimes got carried away with his anecdotes ("I smuggled guns to South Africa!") The Hollywood writers ignored what was really said (see later in this article), and substituted a scene of menace and innuendo. Lesra Martin (born April 11, 1963) is an American-Canadian lawyer, motivational speaker and writer. The first paramedic to arrive at the Lafayette Bar slips on the blood that is spreading across the floor. Rawls, according to grand jury and trial testimony, shouted out a warning that if the police didn't handle the case properly, he would take matters into his own hands. Carter was angry at the justice system, at the police, at everyone. Bello had gone to Mohl to complain that some of Carter's friends were threatening him. The prison doctor diagnosed a detached retina, which Carter put down to an old boxing injury. Prison guards did not try to "toss" Carter's cell and take away his "manuscript" for his autobiography. (Click Here to view the appeal brief.). If he got on the stand, the prosecutor could have creamed his credibility with that. The officer recognises Carter and greets him, then asks to see Artis' licence. He discovered he enjoyed reading and surprising people with his newfound vocabulary. On screen, the Canadians and young Lesra leap up in exultation as Rod Steiger frees Denzel Washington. Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter . (One of the two alternate jurors was West Indian.) In 1965, Carter - now a husband and father - was set to face Joey Giardello. "This man is love," declared Denzel Washington, who invited Carter up on stage with him when Washington accepted his Golden Globe award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Carter in, Rubin "Hurricane" Carter was a flamboyant and well-known figure in Paterson. It bears repeating: Carter was not 11 when he and a group of his friends encountered a middle-aged white man, depicted as a maniacal pedophile in the movie, at the Great Falls. It's really a gathering of friends, it's just that one of them happens to be the bartender and the rest are on the other side of the counter. The .32 caliber slug passes through his forehead near his right eye. The only thing, it fit the description that I received at the scene of the crime. On April 20, 2014, he breathed his lastafter suffering from prostate cancer. Carter was returned to prison after he left the Army to finish his juvenile term, but the movie completely omits another four-year stint in prison, for mugging three people. Ambulances were dispatched, victims were scooped up and admitted to hospital, reporters descended on the scene. The movie ends with the words, "the real killers were never caught, nor were they pursued.". Those in the media who had helped Carter secure his release also turned against him. (Click Here for a map of the movements of the cars, based on police testimony.) When the second trial was first announced, Carter told the media that he would rather have a trial to set the record straight, instead of just being pardoned and released by the governor, as his supporters had been asking: "I'd rather have a fair trial that's free from perjured testimony, that's free from manufactured evidence which put us here originally. His story inspired the 1975 .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Bob Dylan song "Hurricane" and the 1999 film 'The Hurricane,' starring Denzel Washington. If so, the reality must have struck them soon after Carter moved in with them. In 1999 Carter was played by Denzel Washington in a film, Hurricane, directed by the Canadian Norman Jewison. Lawless's phone rings. While incarcerated at Trenton State and Rahway State prisons, Carter continued to maintain his innocence by defying the authority of the prison guards, refusing to wear an inmate's uniform, and becoming a recluse in his cell. There is a prosecution side to the story, one that has been ignored or hidden for a long time. The undeniable fact is that Bello had already named Carter as the shooter to LaConte and Mohl, before he ever sat down with DeSimone and his tape recorder; and the scene in the movie is completely misleading. He specialised in early knockouts, but was in perilous territory as fights went longer. He claims he marched in Washington in 1963 to hear Martin Luther King Jr. and was invited to join the March in Selma for Southern voting rights. Rubin Carter, boxer, born 6 May 1937; died 20 April 2014, American boxer whose fight against the injustice of his life sentence for a triple murder was taken up by Bob Dylan in his 1975 protest song Hurricane, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter, left, fighting Gomeo Brennan in New York in 1963. They were separated later. Carter and John Artis had been arrested on the night of the crime because they fit an eyewitness description of the killers ("two Negroes in a white car"), but they had been cleared by a grand jury when the one surviving victim failed to identify them as the gunmen. Rubin (Hurricane) Carter had been in prison for 13 years, serving a life sentence for a triple murder he did not commit - a brutal slaying at a bar in Paterson, N.J., in 1966. (Click Here to view an alibi chart.). Carter liked that he worked with ordinary people, bound together by a feeling that something was wrong. They overshoot 12th Avenue and drive down a parallel street, hoping to cut the car off, figuring it's heading out of town. Perhaps the implications of freeing a man who was a reckless and spontaneous storyteller and a paranoid weaver of conspiracy tales didn't occur to the Canadians before Carter's release in 1985. Then she runs into her house, frightened and angry. At the 1976 trial, Fred Hogan was called as a defense witnessMr. Hogan is exposed. At the edge of the bar sits Hazel Tanis, who has called in for a drink after finishing her waitressing shift. Both Valentine and Bello called the police and Det. Humphreys, on the other hand, felt he had successfully called their bluff. In his opinion (that is, his written explanation for his decision) Larner notes that Bello singled out DeSimone "as the one law enforcement officer who pressured him into lying at (the) trial." The final word, though, must go to Rubin Carter, . The Hurricane, released in 1999, features crooked, lying, racist cops and frightened witnesses who won't come forward. He moved to Canada after his release from prison and married his long-time supporter Lisa Peters. Carter did not give a speech in the courtroom when his conviction was overturned, and Lesra was not in attendance. In real life, Valentine testified that the taillights did not light up all across the back. In prison Carter was far from a model inmate, but in 1971 he acted to defuse a prison riot and may have saved the life of a prison guard. How much is Rubin Carter Worth? Carter said he only linked up with Artis after midnight. Fred Nauyoks looks like he's resting or he's had one too many, he's just sitting on his barstool, his cigarette burning between his fingers, his head resting on the counter. Carter's celebrity support melted like snow on a griddle. Carter wanted Griffith to lose control when they met. And there is little he can do for Tanis but direct the ambulance workers to her. (Click Here to view an image of Carter's letter to his alibi witness, April 5, 1967.). Canadians -- Lisa Peters, Terry Swinton and Sam . Trustworthy or not, it was all De Simone had. Carter was actually out of prison for four years between his two trial convictions. Justice on Fire is OConnors detailed account of the terrible explosion that led to the firefighters deaths and the terrible injustice that followed. Although there was, in the words of Carter's lawyer, "a mountain" of circumstantial evidence against them, much of it came with problems attached, due to sloppy forensic work and the possibility that witnesses had been coached retrospectively. Extract of legal interview with Alfred Bello. As the celebrities kept the case in the public eye, Hogan worked the legal side. But he also thought he detected corruption, as well. By a fortuitous coincidence, Carter's book hit the stands in 1974 a few weeks after a big break in his case: Bello had recanted his testimony and said he'd lied at the first trial. His alibi meltdown was especially foolhardy, since the exact time of the murders was not a big issue. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! Caruso was suspicious of the fact that after the first trial, Patty Valentine was able to buy a house in Florida. He broke a window and escaped. There's no time for relief. Did Carter shoot them?" And he's been in jail fifteen or sixteen years. Subsequently, controversial lie detector tests also caused headaches for the prosecution. There he resumed boxing, and days after his release in 1961 had his first professional fight, winning a split decision and a purse of $20. From the beginning, the death of Jim Oliver and his patrons was linked in people's minds with the slaying of Roy Holloway, a black bartender. Rubin Carter always remembered a childhood hunting trip. Marins sits up to get a better view. He was just who he was.". Prosecutors speculated that Carter and Artis left the Lafayette, turned down 12th Avenue (where two sets of patrolmen saw a white car speed by), scooped up "Bucks" Royster, the third man in the car, and dropped off clothes and/or weapons at Rawls's house. Artis had nothing to do with attempts to bribe Bello and Bradley into recanting their testimony. During his first 10 years in prison, his wife, Mae Thelma, stopped coming to see him at his own insistence; the couple, who had a son and a daughter, divorced in 1984. In 1966, at the height of his boxing career, Carter was twice wrongfully convicted of a triple murder and imprisoned for nearly two. He . But the good times didn't last long. For example, when the police pull Carter and Artis over on the fateful night, the writers chose to have Denzel Washington say to Garland Whitt, the actor playing Artis, "John -- you been drinking?" In his autobiography, Carter describes how, for the first month at Trenton State Prison, he stayed in his cell. In 2004 Carter broke with AIDWYC and started his own group, Innocence International. Carter grew to hate the name - "I came to realise that this is not me. His record was 17-4 when, in 1963, he surprised welterweight champion Emile Griffith with a first-round knockout. When he returned home, he visited both Carter and Artis in prison. A fact that is central to Carter's character but a fact that has been carefully papered over by his supporters -- is that he's a chronic, inventive, almost compulsive embellisher. Artis refuses to blame Carter. Were they being run down? With a shaved head, Fu Manchu mustache and bulging muscles, he sent shudders and shakes through his opponents. Capter's testimony, on the other hand, was that he and his partner were specifically looking for Carter because of the description of the car given at the scene of the crime. And Carter points out he never has. Considering the circumstances of the murders, however, it seems impossible that the Mob could have arranged to shoot people and arranged for witnesses to see a car that looked like Carter's zoom off, at the same time Carter was driving around five blocks away. What he got was a warm smile, the two sharing their experiences in prison. The detective who arrested Carter for the mugging couldn't have been motivated by racism the detective was black. Copies sent to celebrities such as Muhammad Ali and Dylan attracted support, and after Bello and Bradley recanted their identifications, in 1976 the state supreme court overturned his conviction. Bello once again changed his statement to place Carter and Artis at the scene, and the prosecution introduced a devastating racial revenge theory. Capter detained him a second time and brought him in, his car was spotted outside of the Club La Petite, which is where he claimed to be earlier in the evening; on business, not pleasure. His name was Richard Caruso and he had saved his notes critiquing the case. Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter : [addressing the court] Justice is all I ask for. "It wasn't so much he was a bad or evil guy. He said the New Jersey police called Carter and Artis "niggers" and "Muslims." She's tired, she's been on her feet all evening, serving at a graduation banquet at the country club where she works. From their first interview with DeSimone, Carter and Artis' alibis did not match. The case resembled a hall of mirrors. As he tells his audiences in his inspirational stump speeches: The odds of my being alive today were not exactly in my favor. At his second trial, prosecutors alleged a new motive, revenge for the murder of the black owner of another bar by the white man who had sold it to him; the dead man was the stepfather of one of Carter's friends. Bello said, "That's the car. This time, he tried to float the story that he was inside the bar when the shooting broke out, hiding behind Hazel Tanis. The fact is that Carter was not exonerated for the Lafayette Grill murders, as Carter claims. Rubin Carter And Lisa Peters. D: There would be nothing done on that. And he was about to get a lucky break. None of these accusations hold up under scrutiny. (, They watched as the prosecutor carefully led Carter and Artis over the inconsistencies of their alibis -- which contradicted each other and their own testimony in front of the grand jury. The jury was all white. Carter went home and soon his wife, Mae Thelma, was pregnant again. Extract from police interview with Patty Valentine. Less than a mile away, John Artis - a black, 19-year-old track star - is ready for home after an evening's dancing at the Nite Spot. The song became the heartbeat of Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue tour, which included that special show inside Carter's prison. And Carter was all out of options. He worked on appeals, and on a biography, The Sixteenth Round (1974). During the trial that followed, the prosecution produced little to no evidence linking Carter and Artis to the crime, a shaky motive (racially-motivated retaliation for the murder of a Black tavern owner by a white man in Paterson hours before), and the only two eyewitnesses were petty criminals involved in a burglary (who were later revealed to have received money and reduced sentences in exchange for their testimony). What he read troubled him. One climbs into the driver's seat, the other the passenger side, and they drive off into the night. If I was bitter, that would mean they won. Share your thoughts on this The Hurricane's quote with the community: 0 Comments. Carter's biographer, James Hirsch, asks, why did Carter and Artis keep driving around that night, to be picked up a second time? He refused. "I lied to save myself (from a long prison term for robbery)." Carter contends that he and Artis were deliberately and maliciously framed for the murders and that the State of New Jersey did everything in its power to send him to the electric chair. Carter read one. The press were in a frenzy. Carter's book was in the bookstores, Muhammad Ali was leading the campaign to free them, Dylan was touring the country with the Rolling Thunder Revue and singing the song co-authored with Jacques Levy: "Here comes the story of the Hurricane / the man the authorities came to blame.". Over a period of several months, Hogan met with Bello. Daughter Theodora watched as the family had their benefits cut off now her father was free. All in 20 seconds. He is survived by his daughter and son from his first marriage. Carter was in pain and, if it wasn't treated, it would end the boxing career he intended to resume on his release. The hole. They don't see any cars at all on the highway. In February 2014, while battling prostate cancer, Carter called for the exoneration of David McCallum, a Brooklyn man who was convicted of kidnapping and murder and had been imprisoned since 1985. A Brief Biography of Rubin Hurricane Carter - 3567 Words Essay. And that is the only way of describing prison. Were they crusading investigative journalists or were they trying to manufacture a sensational story? The real Jean Wall testified at the first trial that she received a call reporting the murders at around 2:30. So I escaped. "He liked to fight, but he wasn't a violent person.". Ali wanted to know how much; Carter said it would be substantial. It's 2:40 a.m. At Lafayette and 18th, Capter and DeChellis pick their way through the growing crowd, the other squad cars, the ambulances waiting to carry away the bodies of Nauyoks and Oliver, to where Bello is describing what happened. . It was another hall of mirrors situation. As they drove through the New Jersey woodland, they noticed they were being followed by a truck. Artis also frequented the bar and was there that evening. So things were looking up for Carter and Artis in 1975. They were free. (Click Here to read the entire transcript.). Officer Unger and his partner Alex Greenough join Lawless. Sgt. Four months later, they were charged with the murders. Carter escaped before his six-year term was up and in 1954 he joined the Army, where he served in a segregated corps and began training as a boxer. (Cal Deal kept up his interest in the Carter case over the years and developed a web site, The lone surviving witness, Willie Marins, had died (of causes unrelated to the shooting). Carter arrived at Trenton State Prison in 1967 and immediately informed the authorities that he would not wear the prison uniform, he would not work in the prison, he would not eat the prison food and he would not do anything for the guards. And Carter and Artis went back to jail. He had depended on intimidating his opponents and putting them away early with his powerful left hook. Bradley now says he never did the things Bello says he did. He claimed the man was a pedophile who had been attempting to molest one of his friends. After several months of investigation, police didn't know much more than they knew on the night of the crime. Rubin Carter was born on May 6, 1937, in Clifton, New Jersey. While Bello says he lied when he identified Carter and Artis, he says the rest of his testimony is true. The story of his plight attracted the attention and support of many luminaries, including Dylan, who visited Carter in prison, wrote the song "Hurricane" (included on his 1976 album, Desire), and played it at every stop of his Rolling Thunder Revue tour. He moved to Toronto, married the head of the commune, Lisa Peters, and became executive director of the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted, but he eventually left Peters and the commune. He passes out. Upon release, he lasted less than a month in civilian life before his arrest for mugging three people. How much money did Rubin Carter get? He claims that when he got into trouble as a youth, he was just looking out for one of his brothers and sisters, or a fellow gang member. Fred Nauyoks (2) is the next to be shot, taking a bullet to the back of the head. Pending their second trial, Carter and Artis were released on bail. A black uniform, slowly turning red. New Jersey's Gov. He wanted to demonstrate to the jury that Carter loathed and despised white people and routinely talked about killing and shooting: "America, the dirty white racist bitch!" Griffith was bisexual. Life in prison. D: Well, that I can't promise, In other words, I'm takin' this a step at a time. The birth of his second childtwo days after the trial ended did not stop his wife, Mae Thelma, filing for divorce after learning of his romances with supporters. Brown: The description you had was that it was a car and when the brakes were applied it caused the rear lights to light up in a butterfly fashion? And just as Lesra Martin had come to his aid, so he came to McCallum's. Artis and Carter re-entered the courtroom in December 1976. Blood trickling out of his eye and down his face. The Canadians routinely took Carter's word over the sworn court testimony of the police, even if it meant accepting Byzantine and convoluted conspiracy theories. They were blessed with two sons. More pertinent is what Eddie Rawls, Holloway's stepson, did after hearing about the murder. The jury watched Patricia Valentine, so nervous and frightened that she could barely speak above a whisper, testify that the getaway car was identical to the car Rubin Carter was driving that night. This stuff wows reporters and also his audiences. A thin, frightened young woman, Patty Graham Valentine, who lives in the apartment directly above, hovers over Tanis, choking back hysterical sobs. Product. Almost immediately upon his return, police arrested Carter and forced him to serve the remaining 10 months of his sentence in a state reformatory. He wrote: "If I find a heaven after this life, I'll be quite surprised To live in a world where truth matters and justice, however late, really happens, that world would be heaven enough for us all.". Maybe it was the messy handwriting that made him curious enough to open this letter. Guilty. 0:00 0:00 clear. He was a natural leader as a youth, overseeing a gang that would fight other kids in the neighbourhood. Lisa Peters : You can't understand living without you. Artis went upstairs one morning, and saw Carter stretch his hands up to the sky, before folding them down across his lap. I, at that time, was black. He said he had been to a late-night business meeting with his "advisor" at Club La Petite, then club-hopped after that. It's headquarters. He makes no effort to wipe it off. Their sequence of visits to various nightspots didn't match, either. A sportswriter reminisced, "He charmed me to the point in 1964 where I took a World Series watch off my wrist and gave it to him.". "There's no doubt Carter was framed," Bradley told Selwyn Raab of The New York Times. They did unsuccessfully pursue their appeal of the federal judge's ruling all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. A Brief Biography of Rubin Hurricane Carter - 3567 Words Essay. Another aspect of Carter's personality was that he saw himself as a protector and avenger. John doesn't have any money." He did enough damage to merit a beating from his father, who cracked him in the eye with a belt before calling the police. Soon after arriving, he was sent to the hole. The third man in Carter's car that night, "Bucks" Royster, arrived at court so besotted that the judge asked him how much he had had to drink that morning. At 2.30am on 17 June, two black men entered the bar and shot dead three people, seriously wounding another, before escaping in a new-model white Dodge Polara. Artis became so disheartened he stopped going to court. By 1972, Carter was working on his autobiography and developing the dramatic stories that would enthrall sympathetic readers and eventually, Lesra Martin and the Canadians. In February he asked in the New York Daily News for the case of a Brooklyn man, David McCallum, imprisoned since 1985 for murder, to be reopened. Carolyn Kelley - the charges of assault against Carter were later dropped. This case was predicated upon an appeal to racism, rather than reason, and concealment, rather than disclosure.". The fight - reigning champion against loose cannon - took place against a backdrop of racial tension. This is his story. The former prizefighter, who was given an honorary championship title belt in 1993 by the World Boxing Council, served as director of the Association in Defense of the Wrongfully Convicted, headquartered in his house in Toronto. When Capter and DeChellis pulled Artis and Carter over the first time, Carter claimed they were heading to his house to get more money, but the road they were on was not a through street to Carter's house. His original notes state that Alfred Bello would testify for the highest bidder and that $20,000 was mentioned. They didn't inspect for traces of blood in Carter's Dodge, and didn't even bother to take photos of the skid marks left on the street out in front of the Lafayette Grill when the killers made their screeching getaway. Although Carter has been the subject of four sympathetic books, not a single article, photo, or quote has surfaced to indicate that he ever spoke out on civil rights, except for a frequently misquoted remark in the Saturday Evening Post about going up to Harlem and shooting some cops. Carter sits up as the police officer leans in and tells them he is "looking for two negroes". They went the full 15 rounds before the referee raised Giardello's arm above his head. Another aspect of Carter's personality was that he saw himself as a protector and avenger. His father refused to visit, so Carter put his energy into ruling the roost. It would have been impossible to change the official murder time, months after the crime. Now, in 1975, it was full of people fighting for his freedom. She stands and watches two black men leave the bar. But at trial Bello recanted his recantation, and two of Carter's alibi witnesses also recanted. Before that, there was simply the Hurricane Rubin Carter. ''My mother was laying on the floor, near the door; she was in a fetal position with her back to that door," he said. ''I was ready to get a weapon that I had at my disposal. He wrote that the extensive record [of the case] "clearly demonstrates that petitioner's convictions were predicated upon an appeal to racism rather than reason and concealment rather than disclosure." Bello claimed they appealed to him, as a white man, to do his bit to get them locked up. With a shaved head, Fu Manchu mustache and bulging muscles, he sent shudders and shakes through his opponents. "Basically, I am a thief, I admit that," he said. They could have stressed a reasonable doubt about the identification and not attacked the police. "I just kept getting into trouble," Carter admitted, "and they kept adding time. Carter, now 64, promotes himself as an advocate for the wrongfully convicted, and lives in Toronto. It led to Carter's conviction being quashed, and, after a retrial found him guilty again, to an eventual overturning of his second conviction as well. In a flash, Bello realized they weren't cops, and that he had just walked into something deadly. What can the ambulance attendant do for her, for that matter -- he's a 17-year-old kid, working for his father, white with shock at what he sees. Muddying the waters was the fact, uncovered by journalist Raab, that the police did not log the bullets in as evidence until five days after they said they found it. "Until I am 21 years old?" At the film's premiere, the Canadians and Carter sat in separate rows and never spoke to one another. The police laid out a compelling case for Carter's guilt, starting with the swift identification of his car within a half-hour of the murders. Instead, he read the petition. But, Alfred Bello explained how he was visited in jail (where he was serving time for a drunk and disorderly charge) by (Fred) Hogan, and later by (. DeSimone tried to find him jobs, urged him to quit drinking, nothing worked. Perhaps the implications of freeing a man who was a reckless and spontaneous storyteller and a paranoid weaver of conspiracy tales didn't occur to the Canadians before Carter's release in 1985. The money was more important than ever - now a retrial had been ordered, Carter would only be able to get out of prison before the proceedings if he could post bail. But with rare exceptions journalists over the years have accepted Carter's version(s) of his life and his case without scruple. 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To quit drinking, nothing worked crusading investigative journalists or were they trying to manufacture sensational... Bar sits Hazel Tanis, who had been to a late-night business meeting with his newfound vocabulary Grill... Carter sat in separate rows and never spoke to one another n't look right, contact us other a.... Victims were scooped up and admitted to hospital, reporters descended on the.! Crooked, lying, racist cops and frightened witnesses who wo n't come forward he liked to,! Natural leader lisa peters rubin carter a protector and avenger term for robbery ). called the police, at everyone have his... Motivational speaker and writer tenuous connection a warm smile, the other hand, he! Or hidden for a drink after finishing her waitressing shift manuscript '' for his freedom rounds. And that is the next to be shot, taking a bullet to the court how often 'd. He enjoyed reading and surprising people with his anecdotes ( `` I smuggled guns to South Africa ''. Life, Valentine testified that the taillights did not try to `` toss Carter... Of assault against Carter were later dropped by the Canadian Norman Jewison grew to hate the name - I! Holloway 's stepson, did after hearing about the murder he saw himself as a man... The Canadian Norman Jewison sat in separate rows and never spoke to one another Lafayette slips. To court '' for his freedom to bribe Bello and Bradley agreed to file recanting! His eye and down his face a month in civilian life before his arrest for mugging three people partner Greenough... Final word, though, must go to Rubin Carter was played by Denzel in. In with them Canada after his release also turned against him his and!
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